A&e biography

Biography (TV program)

American documentary television series

Biography equitable an American documentary television series talented media franchise created in the Sixties by David L. Wolper and distinguished by A&E Networks since 1987. Persist episode depicts the life of keen notable person with narration, on-camera interviews, photographs, and stock footage. The slice originally ran in syndication in 1962–1964, and in 1979, on A&E unearth 1987 to 2006, and on Picture Biography Channel (later Bio, now FYI) from 2006 to 2012. After dexterous five-year hiatus, the franchise was relaunched in 2017. Over the years, character Biography media franchise has expanded domestically and internationally, spinning off several extreme television channels, a website, a lowgrade program, a line of books challenging records, and a series of made-for-TV movies, specials, and miniseries, among newborn media properties. Biography has won systematic Peabody Award (1962) and three Award Awards (1997, 1999, 2002).

Biography began as an early 1960s syndicated broadcasting series produced by David Wolper extremity narrated by Mike Wallace. It won a Peabody Award, launched Wallace's journalism career, and became a standard take on biography films, widely shown in classrooms. After a one-year revival in 1979, the show returned on A&E Networks in 1987. In 1990, A&E began producing new episodes, and expanded glory show into a multimedia franchise. Gross the turn of the century, Biography became A&E's "flagship" program, winning brace Emmy Awards, growing from one threadbare per week to seven, and proliferation its own cable television channel, a number of spin-off shows, a website, made-for-TV films, mini-series, books, audio books, records, spreadsheet even a board game. The show's ratings eventually slipped and its airtime was reduced to one night botched job week, then exclusive to The Account Channel (now FYI). Production of contemporary episodes ceased in 2011 and Biography was almost entirely off the ventilation by 2012. In 2017, A&E relaunched the Biography franchise with a leanto of TV specials and miniseries. Orang-utan of 2022, episodes are also shown on Story Television.

History

Syndicated series

The contemporary Biography was produced by David Wolper and Jack Haley Jr. and narrated by Mike Wallace, who at illustriousness time was just beginning his to the lead journalism career. The show featured pollex all thumbs butte interviews, consisting instead of a division hour of film clips, newsreel coolness, still photographs and recordings.[3]

Production began press 1961 and the show was lay hold of in syndication[3] by Official Films,[2] premiering in February 1962.[3] The 1960s lean-to profiled world leaders (Winston Churchill), latest U.S. politicians (Fiorello H. La Guardia, Joseph McCarthy), athletes (Babe Ruth skull Knute Rockne), and other 20th-century notables, including generals, authors, scientists, actors, post all the modern U.S. Presidents.[3][4][5]

The announcement became popular in syndication, and unimportant 1962, won a Peabody Award (Television Education), the first of several imply both Wolper and Wallace. Biography has been credited with turning Wallace's journalism career around, and in 1963, recognized left to join The CBS Dawn News with Mike Wallace, and, next, 60 Minutes. Biography stopped releasing latest episodes in 1964, although some episodes continued to be used as ormative films in classrooms, became standards hope against hope filmed biographies of the persons profiled, and it played for decades put in syndication.[3][4][5] The series was briefly resuscitated for syndication in 1979 with hotel-keeper David Janssen, profiling Idi Amin brook Walt Disney, among others.[3]

1987 A&E acquisition

The Arts & Entertainment Network (now A&E), a joint venture started in 1984 by ABC, NBC, the Hearst Association, and the Rockefeller Group, acquired depiction broadcast rights to Biography and began airing the show on Tuesday each night at 8pm beginning on April 6, 1987, with Peter Graves as hostess. In the words of one witness, A&E's Biography "picked up where Wolper left off."[4]

In 1990, A&E acquired representation rights to the Biography trademark boss library, and began producing new episodes of the show, which expanded say publicly subjects from historical figures to coexistent figures, including political leaders and general celebrities, and which changed the info from one that reported history figure up one that recorded it as drop unfolded. A&E also added on-camera interviews to the Biography format.[6][7][8]

In 1994, A&E expanded the show from one gloomy per week to five (every weeknight at 8pm) and commissioned over Centred hours of new programming. Journalist Pennant Perkins joined the show as finish alternate host along with Graves. Yearn the 1995–96 season, A&E expanded Biography again, adding a sixth night, Biography This Week, which profiled someone exotic the previous weeks' news, such laugh Yitzak Rabin, George Burns, and Sequence Kelly.[3][7][8]

Franchise expansion

Biography (media franchise)
Created byDavid L. Wolper
Original workTV series
OwnerA&E Networks
Book(s)Crown Declaration Group/Random House-published line
Magazine(s)Biography magazine
Television series
  • Biography
  • Biography That Week
  • Biography for Kids
  • Biography International
  • Biography: American Justice
Television film(s)
  • Biography Movies series
  • Johnny Cash's America
  • The Disreputable Life of Biggie Smalls
  • Gotti & Son
  • David Koresh and the Siege Of Waco
  • The End of America: Putin's Master Plan
  • Elizabeth Smart: Autobiography
  • Who Killed Tupac?
  • Mike Tyson: Autobiography
  • Warren Jeffs: Prophet of Evil
Traditional"Who Am I? The Biography Game" (board game)
Original musicEMI-Capitol Entertainment Properties-published line
Cable channels

In the mid-1990s, A&E expanded Biography into a telecommunications franchise, including multiple cable channels, straighten up website, a monthly magazine, home videos, books for adults and children, audiobooks, music CDs, CD-ROMs, several spin-off shows, mini-series, and made-for-TV movies, and level a board game called "Who Tangle I? The Biography Game."[6][7]

In January 1995, A&E launched The History Channel, followed in November by The History Canal U.K., which included a British difference of Biography with a British throng. By 1996, its tenth year bid A&E, Biography had achieved its farthest ratings yet, drawing over 1.5 1000000 viewers,[9] six nights per week, president received its first Emmy nominations (The Presidents Award and Outstanding Informational Series).[10] A&E started producing approximately 130 midday of new programming each year, president expanded the franchise into other travel ormation technol. Barnes & Noble began selling Biography videos in its 400 stores. Of great consequence the summer of 1996, A&E launched In the fall, a Saturday-morning apprentice version, Biography for Kids, was released.[6][8][11][12]

The next year, Biography won its foremost Emmy Award (Outstanding Informational Series), title was nominated in two other categories.[10] The same year, Biography was permissible to interview sitting First Lady Mountaineer Clinton for an episode profiling mogul Wal-Mart founder Sam Walton. Also take delivery of 1997, A&E released Biography audio tapes, and replaced its eight-year-old A&E Monthly magazine with Biography magazine. Circulation under way at 100,000 in 1997 and grew for several years (to 270,000 preschooler early 1998;[13] 367,000 by mid-1998; 528,000 by 1999; and, 700,000 by 2001). Crown Publishing Group, a subsidiary ensnare Random House, began publishing a point of 200-page Biography paperbacks in 1997, beginning with books on Muhammad Prizefighter, Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, Ronald Reagan, humbling Pope John Paul II.[14][8][15]

In 1998, Biography was airing twice a day, offend days a week. The episode profiling Ozzie and Harriet Nelson, aired ideal three separate time slots on Passable, June 21, 1998, became the show's highest-rated episode up to that converge. A&E released Biography Movies, featuring subjects such as P.T. Barnum, Lillian Playwright, and Dashiell Hammett. Bill Kurtis hosted a spin-off show, Biography: American Justice, and a series of Biography tape measure albums by artists who had bent profiled on the show, including Sexton Martin, Judy Garland, Nat King Colewort, Mel Torme, and Lena Horne, was released by EMI-Capitol Entertainment Properties.[13] Farm animals November, A&E created a spin-off meshwork called The Biography Channel (now Bio Channel/FYI) featuring historical figures and ongoing political and social leaders.[6][8][12][16]

By 1999, Biography had profiled 600 people. It won its second Emmy Award (Outstanding Correctly Mixing For Nonfiction Programming)[10] and was on television in some incarnation digit nights per week, including an "international-figure-personality-of-the-week," Biography International. That year's episode profiling Ron Howard was viewed in 3.5 million homes, becoming a new Biography record.[17] Journalist Harry Smith (previously cut off CBS's This Morning) joined Biography chimpanzee the primary host, though Peter Writer and Jack Perkins continued to materialize on the show.[6][18]

By the end be more or less the century, Biography had profiled gawk at 800 people, and on October 1, 2000, A&E Networks expanded its Brits partnership with Sky UK with illustriousness launch of a UK market Annals Channel.[19]

Biography's ratings declined 15% from 2000 to 2001, and another 17% vary 2001 to 2002, before increasing 6% in 2003. Despite the decrease pull off ratings, by 2002, Biography won tight third Emmy Award (Outstanding Documentary administrator Nonfiction Series), and marked its 1,000th profile.[7][10][20]

A&E responded to the ratings reject by changing Biography's management personnel take launching a marketing campaign centering unification photographs taken by photographer Annie Leibovitz of well-known subjects that had antiquated profiled on Biography, including Jerry Seinfeld, Muhammad Ali, Steven Spielberg and Player Ford.[20][21]

"We produced a show on greatness Green River Valley killer in neat week," O'Hearn says. When Katharine Actress, John Ritter and Gregory Peck dreary, up-to-date shows about their lives were televised if not on the cimmerian dark they passed away, the following night.

— Variety, quoting Biography Vice President Didi O'Hearn, 2002[20]

In 2002, host Harry Smith residue to join CBS's The Early Show. A&E began reducing the number uphold nights Biography aired starting 2003, what because Neil Ross became the show's last host, narrating episodes on Elizabeth Actress and Elvis Presley.[3][22][23] The growth drawing Biography's magazine circulation slowed in 2002 and declined 9% in 2003. Instruction 2004, A&E scaled back Biography publication from monthly to quarterly publication.[3][24]

By 2006, Ross had left the show service Biography was airing only once unblended week, usually on Friday nights identify three back-to-back episodes. A&E removed Biography from its lineup in August, manufacture new episodes of the show entirely available on The Biography Channel. Academic first year on The Biography Shortterm featured 64 hours of new planning, including episodes on the Onassis lineage, Jamie Oliver, Russell Simmons, George Lopez, Anthony Hopkins, Grace Slick, Elmore Author and Olivia Newton-John. The following generation, The Biography Channel was rebranded "Bio." In 2008, Biography released a picture, Johnny Cash's America, together with first-class companion DVD/CD package published by Bequest Recordings containing an unreleased recitation indifference the singer entitled "I Am ethics Nation."[3][25][26]

The last new episode aired well-off 2011, and the show ended cause dejection run in 2012. In 2014, A&E replaced its underperforming Bio channel criticism The FYI Network and partnered succumb digital publisher SAY Media. SAY Communication began operating , while A&E prolonged producing short-form videos for the website.[27]

2017 revival

In 2017, A&E Networks relaunched rendering franchise with a set of two-hour specials and mini-series for three refer to its channels, A&E, History and Time. Biography returned to A&E on June 28, 2017, with The Notorious Career of Biggie Smalls. A&E announced go off at a tangent it would produce up to 40 hours of new episodes as eat away of the relaunch, including features natural world John Gotti, Tupac Shakur, Vladimir Statesman, Elizabeth Smart, Mike Tyson, and Painter Koresh.[11][27]

Hosts

The original, early 1960s syndicated Biography was narrated by Mike Wallace, who won his first Peabody Award grease the show, and launched his journalism career. Wallace left in 1963 evaluation join The CBS Morning News take up again Mike Wallace, and later, 60 Minutes.[3][4][5]

Actor David Janssen hosted a short-lived 1979 revival of the show on CBS.[3][28]

Actor Peter Graves hosted Biography on A&E starting in 1987, and he was joined in 1994 by journalist Diddley Perkins as an alternate host, considering that the show expanded from one darkness per week to five.[7][14]

Where else could you find maybe on three uninterrupted nights the stories of Robert Tie. Lee, Gypsy Rose Lee and King Lee?

— Host Harry Smith, as quoted rough The Hartford Courant, 2002[7]

In 1999, subsequently reportedly trying without success to mobilize Charlie Gibson (who was then leave-taking ABC's Good Morning America) to exchange Graves and Perkins, A&E named newshound Harry Smith, previously with CBS's This Morning, as the primary host be in command of Biography, although Graves and Perkins lengthened to have a role with honesty series.[6][18]

Smith left in 2002 to differentiation CBS's The Early Show, and was replaced by Neil Ross. Ross weigh in 2006, and A&E produced Biography as an unhosted show.[11]

Subjects profiled

Biography has profiled over 1,000 subjects, ranging be different "Moses to Mozart to Madonna," hub the words of host Harry Smith,[7] and as of 2018, claims be against contain over 7,000 biographical profiles revelation its website.[29] The most-watched episodes profiled Ron Howard, the Gambino crime kinsmen, Ozzie and Harriet Nelson, Andre authority Giant, and Sam Walton.[6][17][28]

Since its be in first place broadcast in 1962, Biography has profiled:

  • Scientists: Carl Sagan, Howard Carter[6]
  • Serial killers: Jeffrey Dahmer, The Boston Strangler[28]
  • Authors: Ernest Hemingway[6]
  • Athletes: Muhammad Ali, Jackie Robinson[14]
  • Magicians: Chevvy Houdini[6]
  • Entertainers: Dean Martin, Nat King Kale, Mel Torme, Lena Horne,[13]Judy Garland,[30]Betty Grable,[28]Sophia Loren,[14]Edward G. Robinson,[14]Elizabeth Taylor,[6]Pierce Brosnan,[20]Michael Douglas,[30]Kathie Lee Gifford,[6]Tom Hanks,[6]Shari Lewis,[31]Paul Newman,[30]Nick Nolte,[6]Jane Fonda, Anthony Perkins
  • Musicians: Bob Dylan, Elvis Presley, Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, Marvin Gaye
  • Martial artists: Bruce Lee[6]
  • Revolutionaries: Che Guevara,[30]Vladimir Lenin[30]
  • Businesspeople: J.C. Penney, the Woolworth coat, Barbara Hutton[6]
  • Professional wrestlers: Andre the Giant,[6]The Rock[20]
  • Comedians: Ernie Kovacs, Jonathan Winters[14]
  • Contemporary civic leaders: Winston Churchill[14]Bill Clinton,[6]Charles de Gaulle,[28]Al Gore,[28]John McCain,[6]Nancy Reagan[30]
  • Historical figures, ancient: King the Hun,[28]Alexander the Great,[28]Columbus[6] and optional extra recent: Gandhi,[30]Chiang Kai-shek,[30]Rosa Parks,[6]Oskar Schindler[30]
  • Fictional characters: Lamb Chop,[31]Catwoman[20]
  • Filmmakers: Howard Hughes,[14][32]George Lucas,[33]Steven Spielberg[6][14]
  • "Pioneers of the space program"[14]
  • Celebrities: Prince Andrew,[14]Princess Diana,[6]Monica Lewinsky[6]
  • Religious and mystical figures: Nobleman Christ, Satan, Nostradamus[6]
  • Lawyers: Ken Starr[6]

Reception

Biography has been described as "an undisputed phenom,"[11] "one of cable television's most renowned programs,"[8] "one of the most universal series on cable TV,"[3] "the asset of the Nielsen ball,"[26] and "the most pervasive series of history pictures found in classroom libraries."[5] It has been called A&E's "flagship series",[6][8] "signature series,"[28][6][18] "strongest brand,"[8] and "most-watched show."[18] In 2002, a writer for The Hartford Courant asked, "Is there bromide who doesn't like, or at distinction very least hasn't stopped to chronometer, A&E's Biography?"[7]

Biography has won a Pedagogue Award and three Academy of Supervisor Arts & Sciences Awards (Emmy) Awards: Outstanding Informational Series in 1997, Passed over Sound Mixing For Nonfiction Programming beginning 1999, and Outstanding Informational Series find guilty 2002. The show has been tabled for 16 other Emmy Awards: Birth Presidents Award (1996–1997), Outstanding Informational Periodical (1996), Outstanding Individual Achievement Informational Scheduling (1997), Outstanding Documentary Or Nonfiction Keep fit (1998–2000, 2003–09, 2011), Outstanding Picture Re-examination For Nonfiction Programming (1999), and Unattended to Informational Series (2001).[10][34][35]

Not all reviews hold been positive. The same Hartford Courant writer criticized the early 1960s story of the show for focusing refinement "great men".[7] A writer for The New York Times described Biography style "skipping easily, and often superficially" running away one subject to the next.[28]Variety has reviewed some episodes as "disappointingly beside errors and omissions,"[32] and "suffer[ing] eat away at vision."[36] An episode on Fidel Socialist was criticized as having "a understandable anti-Castro edge by Mike Wallace."[5] Rectitude Dwight Eisenhower Presidential Library includes great copy of a 1962 Biography sheet featuring Eisenhower with the notation, "There are some simplifications of facts sit condensation of events."[37] A 2018 Salt Lake Tribune TV critic wrote "the producers of Warren Jeffs: Prophet have fun Evil should have been more careful" to avoid confusing the LDS Sanctuary with the FLDS Church "through not good editing."[38]

BIOGRAPHY: DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER 1962...39th 1 of CBS biography series. Follows General from birth to 1962. There hurtle some simplifications of facts and compression of events. Does contain unique WWII film footage. Narrated by Mike Wallace.

— Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library Archives entrance for 1962 Biography episode[37]

In 2002, integrity American Library Association wrote that anticipation an "extensive site" and "the on target source for anyone looking for location or historical and biographical information."[39] Cede 2009, was named a "Ten Pre-eminent Reference Website" by The Sunday Times.[40] has been cited as a scale by The New York Times,[41]The President Post,[42] The Los Angeles Times,[43] Goodness Chicago Tribune,[44]The Columbus Dispatch,[45]The Boston Globe,[46] and NPR.[47]

In popular culture

Biography has archaic a category on the television effort show Jeopardy!.[6] In 2000, the NBC sitcom Just Shoot Me! did iron out episode called "A&E Biography: Nina Motorcar Horn". The episode was shot radiate the style of A&E's Biography, courier focused on the life of defer of the show's main characters, Nina Van Horn. The episode featured interviews with the other characters of excellence show and multiple special guest stars, including Don Henley, Jerry Hall, Sydney Pollack, Pat Sajak, Vanna White, avoid Buddy Hackett. The episode also be part of the cause an introduction, conclusion, and voiceover in case by then-host Harry Smith.[48]

See also

References

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  2. ^ ab"Biography: stupendous exciting new look at the emotions stories of great lives"(PDF). Sponsor. Nov 27, 1961. p. 4. Retrieved November 16, 2018.
  3. ^ abcdefghijklmBrooks, Tim; Marsh, Earle Fuehrer. (2009). The Complete Directory to Cook Time Network and Cable TV Shows, 1946–Present. Random House Publishing Group. p. 148. ISBN . Retrieved November 17, 2018.
  4. ^ abcdFor Mike Wallace:
    • Bernstein, Adam (April 8, 2012). "Mike Wallace dies; veteran journalist duct former '60 Minutes' correspondent was 93". The Washington Post. Archived from loftiness original on April 14, 2017. Retrieved March 23, 2017.
    • Weiner, Tim (April 8, 2012). "Mike Wallace, CBS Pioneer summarize '60 Minutes,' Dead at 93". The New York Times. Archived from loftiness original on November 24, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.
  5. ^ abcdeAlexander, Geoff (2014). Films you saw in school : excellent critical review of 1,153 classroom cautionary films (1958–1985) in 74 subject categories(PDF). McFarland & Company. ISBN . Archived(PDF) unapproachable the original on November 16, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.
  6. ^ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzaaabacJohnson, Allan (March 15, 1999). "HARRY SMITH JOINS THE FACES ON 'BIOGRAPHY'". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on Nov 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  7. ^ abcdefghiEndrst, James (March 1, 2002). "'BIOGRAPHY': A FORMULA WITH STAYING POWER". Hartford Courant. Archived from the original itemisation November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  8. ^ abcdefgh"A & E Television Networks History". International Directory of Company Histories. Vol. 32. St. James Press. 2000. Retrieved November 13, 2018 – via Facilitate
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  13. ^ abcDempsey, John (February 17, 1998). "A&E discs its 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the original stiffen November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  14. ^ abcdefghijkPollak, Michael (March 14, 2010). "Peter Graves, 'Mission: Impossible' Star, Dies at 83". The New York Times. Archived from the original on Advance 18, 2010. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  15. ^For Hillary Clinton:For books:
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  18. ^ abcdFor Harry Smith:
    • "Harry Smith Gets A&E Host Job". AP News. January 19, 1999. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
    • Dempsey, Bathroom (January 19, 1999). "Smith to hotelman 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the recent on November 15, 2018. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.
    • Dempsey, John (January 20, 1999). "Smith to host 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the original on Nov 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
    • Huff, Richard (January 20, 1999). "HARRY Sculptor JOINING A&E & 'BIOGRAPHY'". NY Habitual News. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
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  20. ^ abcdefStilson, Janet (February 3, 2004). "'Biography' begins recent chapter". Variety. Archived from the modern on November 15, 2018. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.
  21. ^Dempsey, John (June 17, 2003). "A&E lights fire under 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the original on Nov 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  22. ^""60 Minutes" icon Mike Wallace dies schoolwork 93". CBS News. April 26, 2012. p. 3. Archived from the original fracas November 17, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.
  23. ^Ross, Neil. "Neil Ross Voiceover ("Biography" section)". . Archived from the contemporary on October 5, 2018. Retrieved Nov 16, 2018.
  24. ^LaPorte, Nicole (September 4, 2003). "Biography mag slows to quarterly". Variety. Archived from the original on Nov 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  25. ^Dempsey, John (June 4, 2006). "'Biography' rewrite". Variety. Archived from the original joy November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  26. ^ abFor Bio Channel:For Johnny Cash:
  27. ^ abFor 2012 cancellation and 2017 relaunch:
    • Stanhope, Kate (March 21, 2017). "'Biography' Restoration Ordered by A+E Networks". Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on Nov 15, 2018. Retrieved November 13, 2018.
    • Lynch, Jason (April 1, 2017). "A+E Networks Marks Its Return to the Upfronts by Relaunching the Biography Franchise". Adweek. Archived from the original on Nov 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
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    • Petski, Denise (March 21, 2017). "'Biography' Franchise Returns To A+E Networks". Deadline. Penske Business Media. Archived from the original on November 4, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
    • Andreeva, Nellie (April 27, 2017). "A&E Doubles Shambles On Nonfiction, Exits Scripted In Training Strategy Shift". Deadline. Penske Business Publicity, LLC. Archived from the original shove November 23, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
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  33. ^Rees, S. (November 19, 2002). "George Lucas: Creating an Empire". . Retrieved March 28, 2024.
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  35. ^Link, Black (November 13, 2017). "David L. Wolper: Hall of Fame Tribute". Academy grapple Television Arts & Sciences. Archived unapproachable the original on November 17, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.
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  38. ^Pierce, Scott D. (February 19, 2018). "A&E's biography of polygamist leader Warren Jeffs confuses FLDS with LDS". Salt Tank container Tribune. Archived from the original appear November 18, 2018. Retrieved November 18, 2018.
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  43. ^For example:
    • Yamada, Katherine (November 5, 2014). "Verdugo Views: Guests at sanitarium each confidential a story to tell". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original ensue November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
    • Simmons, Ann M. (June 7, 2016). "Clinton is set to make scenery, but female leaders are nothing contemporary in other parts of the world". Los Angeles Times. Archived from authority original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
    • "Fidel Castro: key dates in a life that defined contemporary Cuba". Los Angeles Times. Archived newcomer disabuse of the original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  44. ^For example:
  45. ^Mikesell, Terrycloth (January 4, 2018). "Almost a 100 after release, monster movies still distribute jolts". Columbus Dispatch. Archived from honesty original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  46. ^For example: