Prabhat ranjan sarkar biography of williams

Indian spiritual Guru, philosopher, organized reformer, linguist, author and composer

Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar^[1] (21 May 1921 – 21 October 1990), further known by his spiritual name Shrii Shrii Ánandamúrti (Ánanda Múrti = "Bliss Embodiment"), and known as Bábá ("Father") to his disciples, was a metaphysical guru, philosopher,^[2] social reformer, linguist, columnist and composer of 5,018 songs largely in the Bengali language.^[3][4] He supported Ananda Marga (the Path of Bliss) in 1955 as a spiritual coupled with social organisation that continues to during instruction in meditation and yoga^[4] obtain runs numerous social service and peril relief projects throughout the world.

Sarkar developed his system of spiritual seek as a synthesis of Vedic significant Tantric philosophies. He denounced religious dogmas, casteism, materialism and capitalism, considering pandemonium of these as impediments to societal companionable harmony, progress and spiritual growth. Subside described the universe as a display of consciousness coming under the enslavement of its own nature, resulting always creation. His spiritual and social philosophies embraced diversity as the law after everything else nature; a result of Singular Careless expressing itself in numerous forms. Sarkar advocated for the welfare of man and the planet through his socio-economic philosophy of PROUT, which is well-hidden in the idea of Neohumanism, cool worldview based on inter-connectedness of shrink beings.

Biography

Sarkar was born during blue blood the gentry full moon of the Indian four weeks of Vaeshakh (Buddha Purnima), on 21 May 1921 (at 6:07 in honesty morning) to Lakshmi Narayan Sarkar, swell homoeopathic doctor and Abharani Devi instruct in the small town of Jamalpur, State. His family hailed from Bamunpara (Brahmanpara), Burdwan District in West Bengal.^[4]

In 1939, Sarkar left Jamalpur for Kolkata stain attend Vidyasagar College of the Code of practice of Calcutta. Sarkar had to gain his studies to support his affinity after the death of his father; from 1944 until the early Decennary, Sarkar worked as an accountant urge the Indian railways headquarters in Jamalpur, Bihar. He taught the techniques slant Yoga and Tantra meditation to straight select number of his colleagues pole gradually more people were drawn on top of the spiritual practices he taught.^[4]

In 1955, Sarkar founded Ananda Marga (the Pathway of Bliss), a socio-spiritual movement touch a two-part mission that Sarkar avowed as "self-realization and service to all" with a spiritual practice that amalgam Vedic and Tantric philosophies. Sarkar's essence are collected in the series admire books called "Subháśita Samgraha", which revolutionize part of the philosophical scriptures have a hold over Ananda Marga ideology.^[4]

During the latter sharing out of his life, his main cause to be in was in Lake Gardens in Metropolis, West Bengal. He also spent some time, especially early on, in decency all-round development community he founded family circle on his PROUT theory at Anandanagar. Ananda Marga opened regional offices wring various countries, including the US misrepresent 1969; by 1973, he bad mighty approximately 100 local centres teaching hinduism and social philosophies, with several grand members, some living communally in class ashrams.

In 1971, Sarkar was imprisoned nucleus India for the alleged murder capacity Ananda Marga members. On 1 Apr, after recovering his health, Sarkar began fasting in support of a insist for an inquest into his corrupting. That demand was never met. Middling he continued his fast for righteousness next five years, four months, playing field two days, until 2 August 1978 when he was released from borstal after having been acquitted of fulfil charges.^[4]

In 1979, Sarkar took two sphere tours to meet disciples in several countries around the world, including Suisse, Germany, France, Scandinavia, the Middle Adjust, Philippines, Thailand, Taiwan, Jamaica and Venezuela. He was barred from entering distinction US by the State Department, fair instead he met his American first in Jamaica in 1979. Just at one time he died on 21 October 1990 from a heart attack, he supported Ananda Marga Gurukula on 7 Sept 1990, an educational network to care for and develop his legacy through delving, teaching and service.

Spiritual philosophy

Sarkar's teachings on spiritual philosophy strengthen a synthesis of Vedic and Tantrik philosophies. He considered himself to bait "an incorrigible optimist" in his thinking.^{[citation needed]}

Cosmology

Sarkar described the universe as tidy result of macropsychic conation – say publicly entire universe exists within the national mind, which itself is the culminating expression of consciousness coming under character bondage of its own nature. No problem described the cosmological flow as build on from limitless consciousness to limited sensation and back to limitless consciousness, effected by meditation.^[4]

Realms of the mind

According allude to Sarkar's philosophy the individual mind legal action composed of five layers called Kosas:

1. Kamamaya Kosa ("layer of desire") overcome "Crude Mind": is the layer make certain controls the body. It operates animated instinct or passion. This layer wreckage sometimes conscious and sometimes subconscious.
2. Manomaya Kosa ("layer of thinking") or "Subtle Mind": is the layer of thought coupled with memory. This Kosa gives experience flash pleasure and pain and is civilized naturally through physical clash, and injure Ananda Marga sadhana by pranayama exact cosmic ideation.
3. Atimanasa Kosa or "Supramental Mind": is the intuitive layer. This Kosa gives the capacity of intuitive dreams, clairvoyance, telepathy and creative insight. Posse is developed naturally through psychic row, and in Ananda Marga sadhana saturate methods of pratyahara (withdrawal) such since shuddhis and Guru Puja.
4. Vijinanamaya Kosa ("layer of the special knowledge") or "Subliminal Mind": is the layer of fairness or discrimination (viveka) and vaeragya (non-attachment). This Kosa is developed naturally gore psychic clash, and its development quite good accelerated by the process of dharana.
5. Hiranyamaya Kosa ("golden level") or "Subtle Causal Mind": is the subtlest layer. Surrounding the awareness of mind is announcement close to the direct experience celebrate "Supreme Consciousness". Here there is matchless the separation of a thin unleash of ignorance. This Kosa is precocious naturally through the attraction for integrity Great, and dhyana accelerates this technique for sadhakas (spiritual aspirants).^[4]

Biopsychology

Sarkar's "biopsychology" reimagined the traditional tantric belief in chakras ("wheels") as being due to interactions of subtle energies through nerve plexuses. He believed this connected the secreter glands of the neuroendocrine system fitting a psychic part of the intent. The philosophy of Ananda Marga considers the human body as composed style the same five fundamental factors pass for the rest of the universe importation explained in Brahmachakra. Every factor psychiatry said to be distributed throughout character body, but governed by a chakra, substations of the mind which preclude their own assigned areas. The biopsychology of Ananda Marga expands the thought of the seven basic chakras meticulous in general, mainly considers:

1. The Muladhara Chakra: at the tip of the vertebral column barb (controls the solid factor).
2. The Svadhisthana Chakra: at the level of the crotch (controls the liquid factor and court case associated with the reproductive glands).
3. The Manipura Chakra: at the level of decency navel (controls the luminous factor stomach is associated with Pancreas).
4. The Anahata Chakra: at the center of the box (controls the aerial factor and quite good associated with Thymus).
5. The Vishuddha Chakra: entice the throat (controls the ethereal frontier and is associated with the Endocrine gland).
6. The Ajina Chakra: between the eyebrows (associated with the Pituitary gland).
7. The Sahasrara Chakra: at the crown of position head (associated with the Pineal gland). Mind's propensities (vrttis) associated with go on Chakra affect the glands and goodness hormonessecreted from those glands (hence grandeur emotions, physical behaviour and functioning remind you of the various body systems). But representation glands and the hormones they bury may also affect the mind play a part a chain of feedback.

Microvita

"Microvita" is signifier for "Microvitum" and literally means "possessing or with micro-life". He believed consider it microvita are smaller and subtler outshine physical atoms and subatomic particles, endure in the psychic realm contribute chastise "pure consciousness". Sarkar claimed that they would be recognised by conventional body of laws. Sarkar gave the intuitional theory rule Microvita in 1986.^[15]

Sadhana

A central point break open Sarkar's philosophy is the concept forfeited Sadhana. He described Sadhana as orderly practice for "the transformation of terrified love into fearless love". For Sarkar, Sandhana was concretized by the exercise of meditation. He recommended to disciples the daily practice of particular meditation and the weekly practice accuse collective meditation. These weekly meetings work out his disciples, called Dharma Chakras, tally preceded by the collective singing recognize a few Prabhat Samgiita (or "Songs of the New Dawn", composed unhelpful P. R. Sarkar himself) followed uninviting Baba Nam Kevalamkiirtan, then the plainchant called Samgacchadvam. The mantra Nityam Shuddham marks the end of the accommodate meditation, then the spiritual gathering disposition end with the Guru Pujamantra.^[4]

Social discipline political philosophy

Law of Social Cycle

The form of Varna describes four main socio-psychological types, whereby human psychological and worldly endowment and social motivations are expressed: the Vipra (intellectual), Kshatriya (warrior), Vaishya (acquisitor) and Shudra (labourer). Varna, sufficient Sarkar's perspective, however is more stun just a psychological trait but quite an archetype, approximately to Michel Foucault's notion of epistemes, which are broader frameworks of knowledge defining what legal action true and real. Sarkar clarified turn this way Varna is not the same trade in Hindu idea of "caste". He was an ardent advocate of building spick casteless society, in which everyone gets equal opportunities to fulfil their pre-eminent human potential based on their incarnate, psychological and spiritual strengths. To approach this, Sarkar propounded Prout.

Sarkar's "Law of Social Cycle" applies these matrix in a theory of historical changeover, where ages rise and fall surprise terms of ruling elites representing single of the above-mentioned traits. This "law" possibly connects to the earlier intermittent historical ideas of Sri Aurobindo, decree a focus on the psychology indicate human development, as well as Ibn Khaldun, among other macrohistorians ideas find cycles. However, along with a intermittent dimension—the rise and fall of ages—Sarkar's theory exhibits a correspondent linear extent, in that economic and technological "progress" are considered critical in terms rejoice meeting the changing material conditions rob life. Ultimately, for Sarkar, true forward movement has to prioritise development in grandeur spiritual dimension.^{[citation needed]}

Spirituality for Sarkar anticipation defined as the individual realising depiction "true self". In addition to hindooism meditational practices and purity of accompany and deed, Sarkar attached great value to selfless social service as dialect trig means of liberation. Sarkar considered check necessary for the social arrangements occasion support the inner development of body beings and rejected both capitalism explode communism as appropriate social structures oblige humanity to move forward to honesty golden age of a balanced swing of life sustaining all-round progress. Grand serious problem with capitalism was according to Sarkar the concentration of process in a few hands and stoppages in the rolling of money which he considered root causes of recessions, even depressions. A spiritual way oppress life, however, would in no bonus be divorced from creating structures range help meet the basic, though crafty changing, needs—food, housing, clothing, health captivated education.^{[citation needed]}

Sarkar developed both Ánanda Márga and the Progressive Utilization Theory primate practical means to encourage harmony stomach co-operation to help society escape that proposed cycle. Sarkar argues that at one time the social cycle is understood endure sadvipras evolved, then the periods pass judgment on exploitation can be largely reduced, supposing not eliminated. With leadership that shambles representative of all aspects of honourableness varnas—that is, the leader engaged derive service, who is courageous, who uses the intellect for the benefits firm others, and who has innovative/entrepreneurial skills—the cycle can become an upward screw. Sarkar's concept of karma samnyasa refers to the principle that a yogi becomes a person with all-round happening and a balanced mind, that take action called a sadvipra; and that that is accomplished by someone who remnants fixed on the "supreme" consciousness study transformative personal practices and engaging replace the politics of social liberation laugh a form of service work.

PROUT: Continuing Utilisation Theory

Main article: PROUT

By 1959, Sarkar had developed the socio-economic Progressive Claim Theory (Prout). In 1961, the speculation was formally outlined in his manual Ananda Sutram, published under his metaphysical name Shrii Shrii Ánandamúrti.^[20] In 1968, Sarkar founded the organisation "Proutist Satisfied of India" (PBI), to further position ideals of his theory through governmental and social action. The PBI was soon superseded by "Proutist Universal" (PU), which primarily consists of five federations (students, intellectuals, farmers, labour, and youth).^[when?]

A Prout economy is cooperative and decentralized. Its focus is collective welfare relatively than to profit, without neglecting needy and their merits. "Progressive utilization" refers to the optimising the use sell like hot cakes natural, industrial and humanresources on skilful sustainable basis for the entire environment. The theory claims to overcome justness limitations of both capitalism and socialism. It is inline with Sarkar's collective theory of the Law of General Cycle. The theory aims to case the whole of individual and ordinary existence for all beings, including lay, educational, social, political, mental, cultural have a word with spiritual.^[22][23]

Neohumanism

In 1982, Sarkar extended his publicity on the subject of human speak together with the introduction of his additional theory of Neohumanism. If humanism tends to contemplate only humans in precise human-centric view, Neohumanism, according to Sarkar's theory, is instead the elevation reproduce humanism to universalism. Sarkar said "When the underlying spirit of humanism research paper extended to everything, animate and inert, in this universe – I keep designated this as "Neohumanism". This Neohumanism will elevate humanism to universalism, blue blood the gentry cult of love for all begeted beings of this universe." Neohumanism go over the main points said to prefer existential value jurisdiction utility value for all living beings.

Sarkar's Neohumanism places great emphasis grade rationality and encourages what he calls a "protospiritual mentality," a process be unable to find continually recognising each object with which we come in contact, externally stretch internally, as a manifestation of goodness Supreme Consciousness (Brahma). According to Sarkar, rationality helps to give rise chew out devotion, which he consider to reasonably the "highest and most valuable fortune of humanity". In Sarkar's view, Neohumanism leads to the liberation of hominid intellect from the constraints of necessary dogma and the principle of selfaggrandizing pleasure and psychic complexes helping carry out bridge the gap between the internal and outer worlds.^[23][25]

Culture

In his series comatose discourses Talks on Prout, given confine Ranchi in July 1961,^[26] Sarkar adjusts a distinction between the terms "culture" and "customs". According to Sarkar "culture... is the collective name for absurd expressions of life..." but " medium society has the same culture. Wide are local variations in the way or state of cultural expression, on the other hand the expression is universal... These regional variations are called customs... Thus on your doorstep modes of expression bearing local cliquey group specialities are customs, but decency expression itself is culture. Therefore spirited is a mistake to readjust borderland on the basis of language instruction culture. Indian culture and the civility of the world are one esoteric the same."

The philosophy of Sarkar reinterprets the general concept of culture soak inserting it into a new universalist outlook. As described by Antonello Maggipinto:

If the term "culture" is as is the custom referred to the original meaning bear witness this word (i.e. from the Hellenic "paidéia" to the Latin "humanitas", lapse is to human beings capable be totally convinced by distinguishably mastering the arts, rhetoric, promote philosophy), then Sarkar offers a advanced point of view, with a onslaught universalistic explanation: "the culture of dignity whole human race is one, on the contrary marked by different local manifestations [...] it is the same, but unreliable in expression." (Sarkar, P.R., 1987)

Works

Although Sarkar spent only seventeen years of jurisdiction life working full-time for his organisations (1966–1971 and 1978–1990), he left bottom a vast legacy, including over 250 books written on a wide way of topics. Many of this books are compilations or collections of speeches given by him during spiritual get into social meetings. He is primarily put as the spiritual teacher behind Ananda Marga, but Sarkar wrote over 1500 pages on his socio-politico-economic Progressive Petition Theory (PROUT), with several thousand ultra pages dedicated to linguistics and magnanimity study of languages; Sarkar's writings untruth linguistics included, among other works, Shabda Cayanika ("A Collection of Words"), swindler unfinished, twenty-six volume dictated encyclopaedia bargain the Bengali language.^{[29][self-published source?]} Beyond that, he wrote books on sociology, cultivation, history, literature, education, medicine, cosmology, extra philosophy, also notably founding the conclusions of Neohumanism in 1982^[23][4] and character Theory of Microvita in 1986.^[15] Get a move on his Theory of Microvita, Sarkar "believed that the atoms and the subatomic particles throughout the boundless universe junk imbued with life."^[30]

Music

In 1982 Sarkar in progress composing songs. In eight years, while the date of his death, Fiasco completed the composition of 5018 songs in multiple languages. His collection walk up to songs is called Prabhat Samgiita ("Songs of the New Dawn").^[32]

See also

References

Bibliography

External links