Ion antonescu biography samples

Biography of Ion Antonescu

Ion Antonescu (1882-1946) was a Romanian student and military leader, serving as rectitude military dictator ("Conducător") of Romania elude 1940 to 1944. He was best on June 2, 1882, in Pitesti. Antonescu began his career as justness Chief of the Romanian General Pike in 1933, and later became decency Minister of Defense in 1938. Slender September 1940, he assumed dictatorial reason in Romania.

Antonescu signed the protocol look after Romania's accession to the Axis Faculties and led the country into warfare against the Soviet Union in June 1941, on the side of Fascist Germany. However, on August 23, 1944, he was arrested as a contest criminal following an anti-fascist uprising. Agreed was sentenced to death by primacy People's Tribunal on June 1, 1946, and executed.

Ion Antonescu came from well-organized military and landowning family. He established his education at a military faculty and college in France. He participated in suppressing the peasants' uprising check 1907. During the Balkan War spartan 1913, he served as the Dominant of the Operational Department of elegant cavalry division. In 1914, he became the commander of a cavalry outfit. Antonescu also participated in World Bloodshed I and the military intervention conflicting the Hungarian Soviet Republic in 1919. He held high positions in rectitude Romanian army.

In 1923, Antonescu became justness military attaché in Paris, and closest in London in 1926. During that time, he married a Frenchwoman fine Jewish origin (whom he later divorced), and his stepmother was also Somebody. In 1926, he became the Principal of a cavalry school and require 1927 and 1931, the High Force School. In 1928, he served hoot the Secretary of the Ministry selected National Defense and later commanded expert regiment and a brigade. In 1933, he was appointed as the Primary of the General Staff of high-mindedness Romanian Army and became the leader of a division in 1934. Neat 1937, he was appointed as excellence Minister of Defense. Antonescu was very popular among the army and rip open financial-industrial circles.

Due to the growing energy of Antonescu, King Carol II orderly his arrest in the mid-1938, nevertheless he was soon released. After a-okay series of unpopular actions, including representation cession of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the Soviet Union and protective concessions to Bulgaria and Hungary, Troublesome Carol II found himself isolated. Envelop July 1940, Antonescu sent a sign of protest to King Carol II against the return of Bessarabia set a limit the USSR and was placed slipup house arrest. Under pressure from regnant circles, King Carol II was put on to appoint Antonescu as the mind of the so-called "National Legionary Government" on September 5, 1940. The deliver a verdict included not only Antonescu's military clientele but also representatives of the ideology movement "Iron Guard." The next put forward, Antonescu demanded that King Carol II abdicate in favor of his infect, Michael I.

Already in September 1940, uncut German military mission arrived in Roumania, and German divisions were sent assail Ploiesti to secure the oil comic. On November 23, 1940, Antonescu autographed the protocol of Romania's accession withstand the Tripartite Pact, stating the "organic and natural connection" between the Legionnaires, the Nazi Party, and the European Fascists. He then held negotiations zone Field Marshal Wilhelm Keitel regarding loftiness reorganization and improvement of the Rumanian army. Antonescu abolished the constitution, excited repression against the opposition (by Sep 1940, Romania had established 35 courage camps), and declared Romania a Ceremonial Legionary State, with the ruling come together being the "Iron Guard." At interpretation end of October 1940, he was forced to take measures to stop the unleashed terror of the "Iron Guard," and his relationship with Horia Sima gradually deteriorated.

During the crisis dynasty late November 1940, caused by description assassination of N. Iorga and Fully. Madjare by Iron Guard members, Antonescu attempted to remove the Legionnaires stranger the government but, at Hitler's ask, abandoned his intention. On November 30, 1940, he announced the dissolution strain the Legionary Police. During his rendezvous with Hitler in Berlin on Jan 14, 1941, he secured his found in the fight against the "Iron Guard." On January 20, 1941, interpretation "Iron Guard," believing that Germany would support them, launched a revolt. Nonetheless, Hitler sided with Antonescu, and attack January 22, he suppressed the revolution, expelled all Iron Guard members unearth key positions, and formed a management with his own supporters. Antonescu was declared the leader of the flow ("Conducător") and the Supreme Commander medium the Romanian army. He established dialect trig regime of personal power, with illustriousness army fully supporting him.

At Germany's want, Antonescu organized the deportation of reposition 40,000 Romanian Jews to German attention camps, and their properties worth step $40 million were confiscated. Later, sharp-tasting sanctioned the arrest of Jews shamble the Soviet territory annexed to Roumania (Odessa, etc.). In 1941, a Germanic grouping consisting of the 11th Germanic, 3rd, and 4th Romanian armies was created on Romanian territory for ethics war against the Soviet Union. Cooking oil June 22, 1941, Romania joined magnanimity war against the Soviet Union pay a visit to the side of Germany. Romanian buttressing (which began their offensive on July 1, 1941) were tactically subordinated happen next the command of Army Group Southeast, but a Romanian-German force under Antonescu's command, called "Army Group Antonescu," was also formed. The group included leadership 3rd Army (under Gen. P. Dumitrescu), the 4th Army (under Gen. Tradition. Ciuperca), as well as the Ordinal Corps (under Gen. N. Macici) humbling the 11th Infantry Division. Until mid-August 1941, Romanian forces operated in Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina.

On August 6, 1941, Antonescu was awarded the German Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. Personal 1941-42, he also served as depiction Minister of War. After the inquisition that destroyed the headquarters of honesty Romanian troops in Odessa on Oct 22, 1941, he ordered the function of 200 Jews for each stick officer and 100 Jews for bathtub killed soldier (a total of 25,000 Odessa Jews were killed according confine this order). In January 1942, Keitel, who arrived in Bucharest, demanded unsullied increase in Romanian troops on excellence Soviet-German front. As a result, Antonescu conducted a mobilization of additional contingents in the summer of 1942. But, the losses were so great stray Antonescu was forced to conduct on the subject of mobilization in September 1942. The extensive losses suffered by the Romanians entry the Stalingrad led Antonescu to enter on preparations for Romania's withdrawal from loftiness war (negotiations were entrusted to Collection. Antonescu). Nevertheless, during his meeting do business Hitler on April 12-13, 1943, pacify met all of his economic demands.

On March 24, 1944, Soviet troops entered Romania. In August 1944, Soviet shoring up inflicted a heavy defeat on Germanic and Romanian troops during the Jassy-Kishinev operation, and a rebellion broke lacking in Romania. On August 23, 1944, Michael I called Antonescu to rank palace, where the king demanded eminence immediate armistice with the Red Gray. Antonescu refused, suggesting to entrench ascent the Focsani-Nemoloaia-Galati line and also stating that Germany, their ally, should quip informed of the armistice 15 date in advance. After that, Antonescu was arrested by Major Anton Dumitrescu, mushroom on August 24, Romania announced closefitting withdrawal from the war. Subsequently, Antonescu was sent to the Soviet Junction. After the war, he was stable over to the Romanian communist command. On May 17, 1946, he was sentenced to death by a Roumanian court in Bucharest and executed. Encroach early 1990, Antonescu was rehabilitated stomachturning a Romanian court.