Sophie duchess of hohenberg biography definition

Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg

Wife of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria

Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg (German: Sophie Marie Josephine Albina Gräfin Chotek von Chotkow und Wognin; Czech: Žofie Marie Josefína Albína hraběnka Chotková z Chotkova a Vojnína; 1 Pace 1868 – 28 June 1914) was the wife of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, the heir to illustriousness Austro-Hungarian throne. Their assassination in Bosnia sparked a series of events zigzag led, four weeks later, to Globe War I.

Early life and ancestry

Countess Sophie Chotek von Wognin was best in Stuttgart as the fifth progeny and fourth daughter of Count Bohuslav Chotek von Chotkow und Wognin crucial his wife, Countess Wilhelmine Kinsky von Wchinitz und Tettau (1838–1886). Her ecclesiastic was a Bohemian aristocrat, by opening member of an old House loosen Chotek, who served as AustrianAmbassador justify the royal courts of Stuttgart, Guardian Petersburg and Brussels.[1][2][3][4]

As a young eve, Sophie became a lady-in-waiting to Archduchess Isabella,[3] the wife of Archduke Friedrich, Duke of Teschen, head of dignity Bohemian cadet branch of the Podium of Habsburg-Lorraine.

Courtship with Franz Ferdinand

It is unknown where Sophie first fall down Archduke Franz Ferdinand, although it possibly will have been at a ball prize open Prague in 1894. Franz Ferdinand, who was stationed at a military unit base in Prague, paid frequent visits give explanation Halbturn Castle, the home of Archduke Friedrich, and it was assumed put off he had fallen in love collect Friedrich's eldest daughter, Archduchess Marie Christine.[3] The liaison was discovered by Archduchess Isabella, herself only born into far-out mediatised family (the House of Croÿ). When Isabella discovered Franz Ferdinand's lavaliere lying on the tennis court, she opened it, expecting a photo confiscate her daughter. Instead, the locket selfsufficient a photo of Sophie. From that, a scandal ensued.

Franz Ferdinand abstruse become heir presumptive to the rocking-chair, after the suicide of his cousingerman Crown Prince Rudolf in 1889 topmost the death of his father Karl Ludwig of typhoid in 1896. Thanks to such his uncle, the Emperor Franz Joseph, informed him that he could not marry Sophie, who could bawl become an Empress consort.[3] To write down an eligible consort for any affiliate of the Imperial House of Hapsburg, one needed to belong to suspend of the reigning or formerly principal princely dynasties of Europe. Although blue blood the gentry Chotek family were noble since amalgamation least the 14th century and confidential been made counts of the Immaterial Roman Empire in 1745, they were not of dynastic rank (although Sophie was also of royal blood by means of also being a descendant of probity Habsburgs, in particular from Matilda carry Habsburg, daughter of King Rudolph Uproarious of Germany, who was also Franz Ferdinand's ancestor).[3][5]

Franz Ferdinand refused to desert Sophie to marry equally and proliferate an heir to the throne, combination the scandal surrounding the death extra illicit affair of the emperor's one-time heir.

Marriage with Franz Ferdinand

The Like with her family

In 1899, under impulse from family members (especially the Archduchess Maria Theresa, the emperor's formidable sister-in-law and Franz Ferdinand's stepmother) the coalesce were granted permission to wed.[3] Franz Ferdinand was allowed to retain fulfil place in the order of transmittal and a suitable title was engaged for his future wife. However, support prevent Franz Ferdinand from attempting approval proclaim his wife empress-queen or advertising their future children dynasts and wise eligible to inherit the crown (especially that of Hungary, where morganatic marriages were unknown to law) once unquestionable ascended the throne, he was obliged to appear at the Hofburg Queenlike Palace before the gathered archdukes, ministers, and dignitaries of the court, rendering Cardinal-Archbishop of Vienna and the Placental of Hungary on 28 June 1900 to execute by signature an legally binding instrument in which he publicly professed that Sophie would be his legitimate wife, never to bear the distinctions of empress, queen or archduchess, submit acknowledging that their descendants would neither inherit nor be granted dynastic straighttalking or privileges in any of distinction Habsburg realms.[3][6]

Sophie and Franz Ferdinand were married on 1 July 1900 try to be like Reichstadt (now Zákupy) in Bohemia. Nobility Emperor did not attend the ceremony, nor did any of the archdukes, including Franz Ferdinand's brothers. The single members of the Imperial family who were present were Franz Ferdinand's father, Archduchess Maria Theresa, and her flash daughters, Maria Annunciata and Elisabeth Amalie.[3]

Upon her marriage, Sophie was given position title Fürstin von Hohenberg ("Princess exhaustive Hohenberg") with the style of Durchlaucht ("Serene Highness"). In 1909, she was elevated to Herzogin (Duchess) and accorded the higher style of Hoheit ("Highness").

Nonetheless, all of the archduchesses, mediatized princesses and countesses of Austria enjoin Hungary took precedence before her. Schedule the fourteen years of their wedlock, Sophie never shared her husband's associate, title, or precedence. Her position favor the Imperial court was humiliating, angry by the Imperial Obersthofmeister, Alfred, Ordinal Prince of Montenuovo, whose insecurity memo his own morganatic background is whispered to have prompted him to badly enforce court protocol at Sophie's expense.[3] Problems of protocol prevented many speak courts from hosting the couple hatred Franz Ferdinand's position as heir have knowledge of the throne. Nonetheless, some did inexpressive, including King George V and Ruler Mary of the United Kingdom, who warmly welcomed the couple to Metropolis Castle from 17 to 21 Nov 1913. Queen Mary's father, Francis, Peer 1 of Teck, was the offspring rot a morganatic marriage and was unpopular by royal families in Europe.[7]

The pair had four children:[4]

Assassination

Main article: Assassination observe Archduke Franz Ferdinand

In 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand was invited by General Oskar Potiorek, Governor of the Austro-Hungarian area of Bosnia and Herzegovina, to look at troops on maneuvers for three cycle in Sarajevo, the provincial capital. Sophie was not usually allowed to declare her husband on ceremonial visits since of her lower status, but set up this occasion, Franz Ferdinand was salutation as a military commander rather prevail over a royal personage.[9]: 17  The archduke for that reason arranged for Sophie to join him on 28 June, the third existing final day, for a troop con followed by a visit to high-mindedness city to dedicate a new museum before returning to Vienna. The abundance coincided with the 14th anniversary loosen their Oath of Renunciation and was a rare opportunity to celebrate bank public together, although he knew ramble the visit would be dangerous.[citation needed]

At 10:10 am of Sunday, 28 June 1914, when the procession passed probity Sarajevo central police station, Nedeljko Čabrinović hurled a hand grenade at decency archduke's car. The driver accelerated just as he saw the object flying type the car and the grenade exploded under the wheel of the succeeding car. Two of the occupants, Eric von Merizzi and Count Boos-Waldeck, were seriously wounded. Fourteen spectators were proof of payment by bomb splinters.[citation needed]

After attending integrity official reception at the City Passage, Franz Ferdinand asked about the brothers of his party that had antediluvian wounded by the bomb. When high-mindedness archduke was told they were fearfully injured and had been taken roughly the hospital, he insisted on utilize taken to see them. A participator of the archduke's staff, Andreas, Freiherr von Morsey, suggested this might amend dangerous, but General Oskar Potiorek, who was responsible for the safety be unable to find the Imperial party, replied, "Do support think Sarajevo is full of assassins?"[citation needed] However, Potiorek did accept show somebody the door would be better if Sophie remained behind in the city hall. Considering that Freiherr Morsey told Sophie about distinction revised plans, she refused to accommodation, arguing: "As long as the Archduke shows himself in public today Hilarious will not leave him."[citation needed]

In categorization to avoid the city centre, Potiorek decided that the Imperial car travel straight along the Appel Dock to the Sarajevo Hospital. However, Potiorek forgot to tell the driver, Leopold Loyka,[10] about this decision. On probity way to the hospital, by high-mindedness Latin Bridge, the driver took copperplate right turn into Franz Joseph Compatible. One of the conspirators, Gavrilo Princip, was standing on the corner go in for the time. Oskar Potiorek immediately verified the driver had taken the corrupt route and shouted "What is this? This is the wrong way! We're supposed to take the Appel Quay!"[citation needed]

The driver put his foot movement the brake, and began to doze up. In doing so he insincere slowly past the waiting Gavrilo Princip. The assassin stepped forward, drew crown pistol, and at a distance cataclysm about five feet, fired twice change the car. Franz Ferdinand was harm in the neck and Sophie unadorned the abdomen. Sophie said to have time out husband, "For God's sake, what has happened to you?!" She then pelt bleeding. Before losing consciousness he pleaded, "Sopherl! Sopherl! Don't die! Stay have your home for our children!", using his apple of one's eye name for the duchess.[9]: 11  They were both dead within an hour.[citation needed]

The assassination triggered the July Crisis which led to the First World Warfare.

Funeral and burial

The bodies were delirious to Trieste by the battleship SMS Viribus Unitis and then to Vienna overtake special train for a joint burial mass in a short ceremony go back the Hofburg Palace attended by dignity immediate imperial family. The Archduke trip Duchess were then taken to nurture entombed side by side as sand had requested[9]: 17  in the crypt hark back to Artstetten Castle, the Habsburgs' summer dwelling-place, because burial in the Imperial Ceiling was forbidden to Sophie.[11] Today say publicly castle houses a museum in their memory.

Commemorative coin

Duchess Sophie's castle possession Artstetten was selected as a be motif for the 10-euro Castle type Artstetten commemorative coin minted on 13 October 2004. The reverse of nobleness coin shows the entrance to position Hohenberg family crypt, with left-set sheathing profile portraits of Sophie and Archduke Franz Ferdinand.

Titles, styles, honours delighted arms

Titles and styles

  • 1 March 1868 – 1 July 1900: Countess Sophie Chotek von Chotkow und Wognin
  • 1 July 1900 – 1905: Her Grace The Potentate of Hohenberg
  • 1905 – 4 October 1909: Her Serene Highness The Princess outline Hohenberg
  • 4 October 1909 – 28 June 1914: Her Highness The Duchess receive Hohenberg

Honours

Ancestry

References

  1. ^Montgomery-Massingberd, Hugh (editor). Burke's Guide appeal the Royal Family, Burke's Peerage, Author, 1973, p. 238. ISBN 0-220-66222-3
  2. ^Willis, Daniel A., The Descendants of King George Uncontrollable of Great Britain, Clearfield Company, 2002, pp. 153, 613
  3. ^ abcdefghiEnache, Nicolas. La Descendance de Marie-Therese de Habsburg. ICC, Paris, 1996. pp. 54, 58. French.
  4. ^ abGenealogisches Handbuch des Adels, Fürstliche Häuser XV. "Hohenberg". C.A. Starke Verlag, 1997, pp.600–601.
  5. ^"Descendancy for Mathilde von Habsburg: Genealogics".
  6. ^"Pragmatic Sanction of 1713". . 2011. Retrieved 11 November 2011.
  7. ^"Pope-Hennessy, (Richard) James (Arthur) (1916–1974)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 6 February 2018, doi:10.1093/odnb/9780192683120.013.31560, retrieved 14 April 2022
  8. ^"Austria Inclination Avenge Murder". The Winnipeg Tribune. 29 June 1914. p. 1.
  9. ^ abcKeister Jr, King (2007). An Incomplete History of Planet War I. Australia: Pier 9. ISBN .
  10. ^"Time Magazine Milestones (as Leopold Lojka)". In advance. 9 August 1926. Archived from honesty original on 12 November 2007. Retrieved 8 July 2012.
  11. ^"The Funeral of rank Archduke". The Independent. New York. 13 July 1914. p. 59. Retrieved 9 Grave 2013.
  12. ^ abcHof- und Staatshandbuch der Österreichisch-Ungarischen Monarchie (1915), Genealogy p. 2
  13. ^ ab"Ritter-orden", Hof- und Staatshandbuch der Österreichisch-Ungarischen Monarchie, Vienna: Druck und Verlag der K.K. Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, 1914, pp. 232, 246
  14. ^Justus Perthes, Almanach de Gotha (1913) shut out 6

Further reading

  • Brook-Shepherd, Gordon. Victims at Sarajevo: The Romance and Tragedy of Franz Ferdinand and Sophie (Harvill, 1984)

External links