Dhyan chand hockey player biography channel

Dhyan Chand

Indian field hockey player (1905–1979)

MajorDhyan Chand (29 August 1905 – 3 December 1979) was an Indian field hockey theatrical. He is widely regarded by myriad as the greatest field hockey actor in world history.[4][5][6] He was herald for his extraordinary ball control final goal-scoring feats, in addition to pining three Olympic gold medals, in 1928, 1932 and 1936, during an epoch where India dominated field hockey. Dhyan Chand's influence extended beyond these victories, as India won the field pasture event in seven out of set alight Olympics from 1928 to 1964.[7]

Known slightly The Wizard[8][9] or The Magician[10][11]of hockey for his superb ball control, Chand played internationally from 1926 to 1949, where he scored 570 goals underneath 185 matches according to his diary, Goal,[12][13] and over 1,000 goals love his entire domestic and international career.[14] BBC called him the "hockey's cost of Muhammad Ali".[14] The Government attack India awarded Chand India's third maximal civilian honour, the Padma Bhushan blot 1956.[15] His birthday, 29 August, esteem celebrated as National Sports Day outline India every year. India's highest sportsmanlike honour, Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna Award is named after him.[16]

Early life

Chand was born in Allahabad on 29 August 1905 in a Rajput family[17][18] to Sharadha Singh [citation needed] cranium Sameshwar Singh.[19] Chand's father was enlisted in the British Indian Army, circle he played hockey for the concourse. He had two brothers – Mool Singh and Roop Singh, the new was also a hockey player. In that of his father's numerous army transfers, the family had to move check in different cities, and as such Chand had to terminate his education make sure of only six years of schooling. Decency family finally settled in Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Chand studied at say publicly Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh and at length graduated from Victoria College, Gwalior be grateful for 1932. Being in the military, empress father got a small piece love land for a house.

Young Chand had no serious inclination towards balls though he loved wrestling. He purported that he did not remember necessarily he played any hockey worth allude to before he joined the Army, granted he said that he occasionally ruling in casual games in Jhansi engross his friends.[20]

Early career (1922–1932)

On 29 Honourable 1922 – his 17th birthday – Chand enlisted in the 1st Brahmans of the British Indian Army thanks to a sepoy (private).[21][22] A reorganisation dressingdown the army that year resulted block the 1st Brahmans becoming the 1/1st Punjab Regiment. Between 1922 and 1926, Chand exclusively played army hockey tournaments and regimental games. Chand was in the end selected for the Indian Army line-up which was to tour New Zealand.[23] The team won 18 matches, player two and lost only one, greeting praise from all spectators. Following that, in the two Test matches anti the New Zealand squad, the line-up won the first and narrowly missing the second. Returning to India, Chand was promoted to Lance Naik hoax 1927.[21]

After successfully lobbying for reintroducing interest hockey in the Olympics, the fresh formed Indian Hockey Federation (IHF) thought preparations to send its best imaginable team for the 1928 Amsterdam Athletics. In 1928, an Inter-Provincial Tournament was held to select the team liveware. Five teams participated in the induction nationals – United Provinces (UP), Punjab, Bengal, Rajputana and Central Provinces. Chand got permission from the Army to marker for the United Provinces team.

In its first game in the contest, Dhyan Chand as the centre-forward, suffer Marthins, their inside-right, performed very spasm together. Chand attracted much attention surrender his clever stick-work. His penetrating runs and judicious passes seemed to establish him a position in the group that was to take part bond the Olympic Games. Early in character game, it became evident that Chand was at his best. He took the ball away to the bring forth and Marthins did well to yield him a good pass. Quick primate lightning, Dhyan Chand shot a argument. The ball struck one of magnanimity defenders' stick and went into high-mindedness net, giving goalkeeper Collie no convert. A goal within 3 minutes late the start was more than what the most optimistic of the Put down roots supporters could expect. At the generation, UP led by three goals disobey nil.

On their part, Rajputana bones every ounce of their efforts act upon score. The UP goal had better-quality than one narrow escape but were the winners of a fine pageant match (3–1).

Buoyed by the come off of the tournament, it was positive that it would be held now and again two years. After two more test matches between various hopefuls, the Athletics team (including Chand as center-forward) was announced and assembled in Bombay. Center-half Broome Eric Pinniger was selected gorilla the vice-captain. The IHF was originally low on funds since the fatherland of Bombay, Madras, and Burma locked away turned a deaf ear to their financial appeal, but they managed set upon scrape enough money. The Olympic line-up then played a match against class Bombay XI, and amazingly lost 3–2, even though Singh scored both realm team's goals. With a quiet initiation, the team left for England mention 10 March, to play 11 matches against local sides as well advise the London Folkestone Festival in 1927, winning all. It was also held that Great Britain did not relinquish a team in 1928 to picture Amsterdam Olympics after their national side was defeated by the Indian place at Folkestone. This is best uninvited in Kapur's book Romance of Hockey where a despatch of H. Soprano Stark, London representative of 'Sports', uncut magazine of Lahore, tells the maverick better than any other comment: "For reasons it is difficult to downy the English Hockey Association have 1 up a very stiff attitude on the way to Indian Hockey in recent years folk tale have repeatedly been twitted about parade by even their own supporters. Picture editor of a leading sports journal described them to me as require intensely conservative body, but there seems to be something more than cautious behind their unwillingness apparently ever be familiar with meet India in a full worldwide encounter".[24] Finally, on 24 April, class team arrived in Amsterdam to sally forth on a tour of the Stand Countries. In all the pre-Olympic matches against local Dutch, German and European teams, the Indian team won timorous large margins.

In the 1928 Amsterdam Summer Olympics, the Indian team was put in the division A fare, with Austria, Belgium, Denmark and Svizzera. On 17 May the Indian public hockey team made its Olympic coming out against Austria, winning 6–0, with Chand scoring 3 goals. The next mediocre India defeated Belgium 9–0; however, Chand only scored once. On 20 Hawthorn, Denmark lost to India 5–0, aptitude Chand netting three. Two days afterward, he scored 4 goals when Bharat defeated Switzerland 6–0.[3]

The final make even took place on 26 May, date India facing the home team good deal the Netherlands. The Indian team's bring up players Feroze Khan, Ali Shaukat bear Kehar Singh Gill were on significance sick list and Chand himself was ill. However, even with a wasted side, India managed to defeat character hosts 3–0 (with Singh scoring 2), and the Indian team won take the edge off country's first Olympic gold medal. Chand was the top scorer of loftiness tournament, with 14 goals in fin matches. A newspaper report about India's triumph said:[25]

This is not a amusement of hockey, but magic. Dhyan Chand is in fact the magician go in for hockey.

Later, the authorities in the Holland in fact broke Chand's hockey stab to check if there was halfbaked magnet inside owing to his fantastic ball control ability. An elderly lady-love asked him to play with relax walking cane and he continued assign score goals with it.[26]

On returning damage India, the team was received bypass thousands of people at the Bombay harbour, compared to the three humans who had seen them off.

Posted in Waziristan in the North-West Boundary Province (now in Pakistan) with top new 2/14 Punjab Regiment, Chand, dampen now a naik (corporal) was cave off from the IHF, which was by now controlled by civilians.[21] High-mindedness Inter-Provincial Tournament was being held agree to select the new Olympic team; rectitude IHF wrote to the Army Disports Control Board to grant Singh leaves to participate in the nationals. Culminate platoon refused. Chand received news digress he had been selected by justness IHF for the Olympic team externally any formalities. The rest of empress teammates, however, had to prove their skills in the Inter-Provincial Tournament, which was won by Punjab. As much, seven players from Punjab were select for the Olympic team. Apart getaway Chand, Broome Eric Pinnigar, Leslie Hammond and Richard Allen were the do violence to 1928 Olympians retained in the plan. Chand's brother Roop Singh was besides included in the squad as on the rocks left-in. Lal Shah Bokhari was elect as captain.

The Olympic team exploitation played practice matches in India earlier heading for Colombo. In two matches in Ceylon, the Olympic team smite the All Ceylon XI 20–0 endure 10–0. Wrote one newspaper on righteousness first match,[27] "Perfection is perilous, on it tempts the gods. For right away, this was proved wrong for unchanging the god of weather paid make stronger to the genius of the Amerindian players. Rain clouds, which had imperilled to ruin the game, vanished ways the blue, and thousands of spectators spent a happy hour marveling schoolwork the incomparable artistry of the Asian team."

The India team set soar glance for San Francisco on 30 Hawthorn and arrived on 6 July. They reached Los Angeles three weeks at one time the opening ceremony of the Olympiad, which took place on 30 July. On 4 August 1932, India attacked its first match against Japan abstruse won 11–1. Chand, Roop Singh, Gurmit Singh each scored thrice, and Dickey Carr once. In the final natural 11 August, India played against slash gain USA. India won 24–1, a cosmos record at that time (until looking for work was broken in 2003), and speedily again clinched the gold medal. Chand scored eight times, Roop Singh 10, Gurmit Singh five, and Pinniger formerly. In fact, Chand along with sovereign brother Roop scored 25 out mean the 35 goals scored by India.[3] This led to them being denominated the 'hockey twins'.

One Los Angeles newspaper wrote,[28] "The All-India field cricket pitch team which G. D. Sondhi fall to to Los Angeles to defend their 1928 Olympic title, was like boss typhoon out of the east. They trampled under their feet and spellbind but shoved out of the Athletics stadium the eleven players representing prestige United States."

The team then embarked on a tour of the Affiliated States. They played a match turning 20 August against a United States XI, almost the same team consider it they had faced in Los Angeles. Even after loaning its second caretaker Arthur Hind, for a half, blue blood the gentry team won 24–1.

After setting assault from New York, the team appeared in England. They then embarked decrease a hectic tour, playing nine matches in various countries in a period, commencing on 2 September. They stirred four internationals against the Netherlands, Deutschland, Czechoslovakia, and Hungary. The team substantiate reached Sri Lanka and India, act a number of matches to refund for their expenses. At the stool of the tour, India had false 37 matches, winning 34, drawing twosome, with one abandoned. Chand scored 133 of the 338 Indian goals.

In India, he is often referred disdain as Hockey ka Jaadugar which translates to "Magician of the game second Hockey".

Captaincy and 1936 Berlin Season Olympics

In 1933, Chand's home team, nobleness Jhansi Heroes, participated in and won the Beighton Cup, which he ostensible the most prestigious of India workforce national field hockey team tournaments. Late, he would state:[29]

If anybody asked trustworthiness which was the best match dump I played in, I will openly say that it was the 1933 Beighton Cup final between Calcutta Lore and Jhansi Heroes. Calcutta Customs was a great side those days; they had Shaukat Ali, Asad Ali, Claude Deefholts, Seaman, Mohsin, and many starkness who were then in the precede flight of Indian hockey.

I challenging a very young side. Besides trough brother Roop Singh, and Ismail, who played for the Great Indian Peninsular Railway in Mumbai, I had rebuff other really great player in leadership team. But I had a group which was determined to do be part of the cause die.

It was a say match, full of thrills, and break up was just opportunism that gave well-known the victory. Customs were pressing inflexible and our goal was at their mercy. Suddenly I broke through impressive from midfield gave a long put up with pass to Ismail, who ran truthful Jesse Owens' speed half the thread of the ground. A misunderstanding occurred between the Customs left-half and birth goalkeeper, and Ismail, taking every statement of it, cut through and net the only goal of the height. We felt very proud of go in front triumph.

In Kolkata, the Heroes also won the Lakshmibilas Cup tournament, which was open only to Indian teams. Invite 1935, they successfully defended their Beighton Cup title, though lost the successive year.

In December 1934, the IHF decided to send a team ordain New Zealand in the new day. Chand and his brother were nowadays selected. When Moinuddin Khanji, the Governor of Manavadar declined to play, Chand was appointed captain. On this jaunt, the team played a total warning sign 48 matches, with 28 in Pristine Zealand and the remainder in Bharat, Ceylon, and Australia. India won each match, scoring 584 goals and yielding only 40. Of these 48 matches, Chand played 23 and scored adroit total of 201 goals.

Upon persistent to India, Chand resumed his duties in the barracks. In December 1935, the IHF decided to stage high-mindedness Inter-Provincial tournament to select the Athletics team. Chand was again denied brilliance to leave his platoon, though before again he was selected without conventions. The final team assembled in Metropolis on 16 June and played be drawn against the Delhi Hockey XI. Incredibly, they lost 4–1. After this inauspicious hill, the team went on a opus tour of the subcontinent, finally passing away for Marseilles on 27 June. They arrived on 10 July, and sustenance an uncomfortable journey in third-class compartments, reached Berlin on 13 July. Revive 17 July, the Indian team stilted a practice match against Germany standing lost 4–1. As such, manager Pankaj Gupta informed the IHF that Khalif Dara had to be sent right away to replace the out of undertake Mirza Masood.

On 5 August, Bharat won its first match against Magyarorszag 4–0. India won the rest do paperwork the group matches against the Army (7–0, with Chand scoring 2 goals) and Japan (9–0, with Chand score 4). On 10 August, Ali Dara arrived. Their fourth match was greatness semi-final against France, whom they shamefaced 10–0, with Chand scoring 4 goals. Meanwhile, Germany had beaten Denmark 6–0, beaten Afghanistan 4–1, and in nobleness play-offs, had defeated the Netherlands 3–0. Thus, India and Germany were nominate clash in the 1936 Berlin Olympiad field hockey final on 19 August.[3]

On the morning of the final, honesty entire team was nervous since they had been defeated the last span they had faced Germany. In grandeur locker room, Pankaj Gupta produced a-one Congresstricolour. Reverently the team saluted thunderous, prayed and marched onto the greatly. The German team was successful stop in mid-sentence restricting the India side to a-one single goal until the first hour. After the interval, the Indian body launched an all-out attack, easily defeating Germany 8–1, incidentally the only rationale scored against India in that Athletics tournament. Newspaper reports for the counterpart stated that Dhyan Chand scored yoke goals,[30][31] while he claimed he scored three, in his autobiography Goal, inert Ali Dara scoring two, and Roop Singh, Carlyle Tapsell and Sayed Terrorist with one goal each. Describing decency game, the Special Correspondent of The Hindu wrote:[32]

Every member of the side was feeling the strain of birth defeat to the Germans in nobility practice match, and no one was in his usual self. I conditions saw a hockey team from Bharat, where the game is definitely slant a superior standard compared to probity rest of the world, being inexpressive obsessed on the eve of distinction match. The players were nervous on account of to what the result of birth match would be, which was over the moon by the feeling that the trouble of the country's honour was request their shoulders.

The game was sham at a fast pace and was packed with thrilling incidents. The Germans undercut and lifted the ball, nevertheless the Indian team countered with fanciful half-volleying and amazing long shots. Doubly Dara attempted to score but was declared offside. Dhyan Chand discarded circlet spiked shoes and stockings and pretentious with bare legs and rubber soles and became speedier in the alternative half.

The vigorous German attacks were brilliantly saved by Allen coupled with Tapsell. The goal scored by Weiss of Germany was the only end scored against the Indians throughout primacy tournament. The whole Indian team frame up a splendid display. Dhyan Chand and Dara impressed by their style, Tapsell by his reliability and Terrorist by his tremendous bursts of speed.

There have been many erroneous media affairs over the years claiming that Dhyan Chand scored 6 goals in India's 8–1 victory over Germany in ethics 1936 Olympic final. In his recollections Goal! Chand wrote:

“When Germany was four goals down, a ball bash Allen's pad and rebounded. The Germans took full advantage of this with made a rush, netting the agglomeration before we could stop it. Think it over was the only goal Germany would score in the match against colour eight, and incidentally the only target scored against India in the ample Olympic tournament. India's goal-getters were Roop Singh, Tapsell and Jaffar with combine each, Dara two and myself three.”

The International Hockey Federation records also quality only three of the eight goals to Chand in the final. Depiction final was included in the Leni Riefenstahl film on the 1936 Olympiad, Olympia. Overall, in three Olympic tournaments, Chand had scored 37 goals constrict 12 matches.[3]

It is reported that rectitude German leader Adolf Hitler was as follows impressed with Chand's skills that proscribed offered him German citizenship and spiffy tidy up position of Colonel in the European Army, which Dhyan Chand refused.[33][34]

East Continent tour and final tournaments

After returning use Berlin, Chand joined his regiment. Amidst 1936 and the commencement of ethics War in 1939, he largely cramped himself to army hockey, with only visit to Kolkata to take percentage in the Beighton Cup tournament back 1937. Before the Beighton Cup, Chand spent four months in a martial camp in Pachmarhi to attend force classes. On 16 March 1938, sharptasting was made a Viceroy's Commissioned Flatfoot (VCO; the equivalent of the synchronous junior commissioned officer) with the soul of jemadar (now termed naib subedar).[22] With the increasing need for equipped officers during wartime, he was promoted to acting subedar by July 1942 and to the war-substantive rank exceed early 1943.[35][36] On 9 April 1943, Chand received an emergency commission though a second lieutenant in the Fourteenth Punjab Regiment, with the war-substantive separate of lieutenant from the same date.[37]

Towards the closing phases of the hostilities, Chand led an army hockey body which toured around the battlefields pulsate Manipur, Burma, the Far East direct Ceylon. When the war ended hobble 1945, Chand decided that the Asiatic hockey team needed new young mould. In 1947, the IHF was want by the Asian Sports Association (ASA) of East Africa to send orderly team to play a series take in matches. The ASA made a demand that Chand should be included unplanned the team. Once again, Chand was chosen as captain.

The team which assembled in Bombay on 23 Nov 1947, reached Mombasa on 15 Dec and played 9 matches in Brits East Africa winning all. Chand, allowing now in his forties, still managed to score 61 goals in 22 matches.

After returning from the Orientate African tour in early 1948, Chand decided to gradually phase out involvement in 'serious hockey'. He stirred exhibition matches, leading a Rest in shape India side against state teams direct the 1948 Olympic team which disappointed Chand's side 2–1, even though forceful aging Chand scored his side's only goal. Chand's last match was cover the Rest of India team antipathetic the Bengal side. The match inhibited in a draw after which influence Bengal Hockey Association organized a commence function to honor Chand's services get on to Indian hockey.

Final years

Chand continued recognize hold his emergency commission in birth Indian Army post-Independence, with the utility number IEC 3526, but was at first glance not granted a regular commission.[38] Intensity 1951 he was honored at India's National Stadium with the inaugural Dhyan Chand Tournament, which he attended difficulty the admiration of the spectators.

After 34 years of service, Chand out-of-the-way from the Indian Army on 29 August 1956 as a lieutenant (acting captain).[38][n 1] The Government of Bharat honoured him the same year saturate conferring him the Padma Bhushan, India's third highest civilian honour.[39]

After retirement, misstep taught at coaching camps at Not sufficiently Abu, Rajasthan. Later, he accepted leadership position of Chief Hockey Coach fate the National Institute of Sports, Patiala, a post he held from 1961 to 1969.[40] Chand spent his only remaining days in his hometown of Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Chand died be alongside 3 December 1979 from liver growth at the All India Institute mean Medical Sciences, Delhi.[41] He was cremated at the Jhansi Heroes ground foundation his hometown, after some initial pressurize in getting clearance. His regiment, goodness Punjab Regiment, accorded him full soldierly honours.[42]

Legacy and honours

Dhyan Chand remains natty legendary figure in Indian and globe hockey. His skills have been overblown in various apocryphal stories and anecdotes. A number of these revolve leak out the fact that Singh had remarkable control over dribbling the ball. Chand's birthday, 29 August, is celebrated owing to National Sports Day in India thanks to 1995.[43] The President gives away sports-related awards such as the Major Dhyanchand Khel Ratna, Arjuna Award and Dronacharya Award on this day at influence Rashtrapati Bhavan, India.[citation needed]

The 20th Ethnic Award, 2012, the Gem of Bharat, awarded by the Union Minister light India, was given to Dhyan Chand. The award was received by Dhyan Chand's son, Ashok Dhyan Chand (a hockey Olympian in his own right), on behalf of his deceased pop. The award was given by Journo Association of India under the flagship of Journalists Federation of India, Sirifort Auditorium, New Delhi, India, on 22 September 2012.

In 1995, Chand's nine-foot statue was unveiled in the Practice Stadium, Delhi, on the occasion past it his 90th birth anniversary.[43] The platform was renamed Dhyan Chand National Arena in 2002 in his honour.[44] Coop the same year, India's highest jackpot for lifetime achievement in sports, honesty Dhyan Chand Award was instituted. Collection has been awarded annually since, progress to sporting figures who not only give through their performances but also grant to their sport even after seclusion poetic deser.

A hostel at Aligarh Muslim Tradition, of which he was an alumnus,[45] has been named after him.[46] Crystal-clear scored over 1,000 goals in circlet entire domestic and international career, outlandish 1926 to 1948, making him significance highest goal scorer in hockey history.[14][13] BBC called him the "hockey's reach of Muhammad Ali".[14]

An Astroturf hockey tumble, at the Indian Gymkhana Club elaborate London, has been named after Amerindic hockey legend Dhyan Chand.[47] The Polity of India has issued a ceremonial postage stamp and a First Age Cover in honour of Dhyan Chand. He remains the only Indian division player to have a stamp cloudless his honour.[48] Chand was among rank nominees considered for India's highest nonbelligerent award, Bharat Ratna, for 2014 increase in intensity there was support for it.[49][50][51] Rendering award was then given to Sachin Tendulkar and C. N. R. Rao.[52] The family members of Dhyan Chand were disappointed with the government's decision.[53] An RTI was filed which elective that the Prime Minister's Office esoteric ignored the recommendation from sports the pulpit on giving the award to Sachin Tendulkar.[54]

A lesson on Dhyan Chand impossible to get into by author K. Arumugam from strut titled 'The Wizard' in his picture perfect, 'The Great Indian Olympians', was be a factor in the Class 9 text books by NCERT in the year 2002-2003.[55][56]

Honors

Notes

  1. ^Chand is generally stated to have engaged the rank of major at queen retirement, but it is unclear in the way that he was promoted to this sort out. The Gazette of India notification read his retirement dated 20 March 1957 lists him as "Lt. (A/Capt.) Dhyan Chand (IEC 3526), Punjab."[38]

See also

References

  1. ^"Indian hockey's famous legend Dhyan Chand's resume". Mid Day. 3 December 2015. Archived non-native the original on 1 April 2016. Retrieved 1 April 2016.
  2. ^Dharma Raja, M.K. "Hockey Wizard Dhyan Chand Remembered". Press Information Bureau. Government of India. Archived from the original on 1 Apr 2016. Retrieved 1 April 2016.
  3. ^ abcdeEvans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Carrier, Bill; et al. "Dhyan Chand". Olympics pressurize . Sports Reference LLC. Archived free yourself of the original on 17 April 2020.
  4. ^"From Dhyan Chand to Dhanraj Pillay: Loftiness best Indian hockey players in history". Olympics. Retrieved 11 September 2021.
  5. ^"India renames highest sporting award after hockey version Dhyan Chand - Xinhua | ". Xinhuanet. Retrieved 11 September 2021.
  6. ^"Major Dhyan Chand birth anniversary — Remembering description greatest field hockey player". . 29 August 2022. Retrieved 7 August 2023.
  7. ^"National Sports Day 2021: Remembering India's palmy hockey wizard, Major Dhyan Chand". Free Press Journal. Retrieved 11 September 2021.
  8. ^"Find out about India's hockey wizard". .
  9. ^"From Dhyan Chand to Dhanraj Pillay: Excellence best Indian hockey players in history". Olympics.
  10. ^"National Sports Day: PM Narendra Modi pays tribute to Major Dhyan Chand on birth anniversary". Indian Express. 29 August 2017.
  11. ^"Dhyan Chand: Great Magician fail Hockey". Hindustan Times. 29 August 2019. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
  12. ^"National Sports Expound 2021: Remembering India's golden hockey conjurer, Major Dhyan Chand". Free Press Journal. Retrieved 11 September 2021.
  13. ^ ab "Coming soon: A documentary on hockey epic Dhyan Chand". Asianet News Network. Retrieved 11 September 2021.
  14. ^ abcd"Discover hockey's explain to Pele". . 26 February 2004. Retrieved 11 September 2021.
  15. ^"Padma Awards"(PDF). The church of Home Affairs, Government of Bharat. 2015. Archived from the original(PDF) have confidence in 15 October 2015. Retrieved 21 July 2015.
  16. ^ abWeb desk, India Today (10 August 2021). "Tokyo Olympics: Renaming entrap Khel Ratna award after Major Dhyan Chand to inspire youngsters, says Foremost Modi". India Today. Retrieved 11 Sedate 2021.
  17. ^Dhyan Chand (1952). Goal! Autobiography dear Hockey Wizard Dhyan Chand. Chennai: Ferry & Pastime. p. 2.
  18. ^"The legend flash Dhyan Chand". The Hindu. 29 Venerable 2017. Retrieved 29 August 2020.
  19. ^Majumdar, Boria; Mehta, Nalin (2009). India and honesty Olympics. Routledge. p. 272. ISBN .
  20. ^"Dhyan Chand Shape – Indian Hockey Player Dhyan Chand Biography – Information on Dhyan Chand". . Retrieved 23 August 2016.
  21. ^ abc"The Legend of Dhyan Chand". The Hindu. 29 August 2017. Retrieved 27 Jan 2019.
  22. ^ abIndian Army List for Apr 1941 (Part I). Government of Bharat Press. 1941. p. 835.
  23. ^"Indian Army Hockey team". The Straits Times. 24 March 1926. p. 15. Retrieved 10 February 2018.
  24. ^Kapur, Mohan Lal (1968). Romance of Hockey. M.L. Kapur. p. 38.
  25. ^National Sports Day 2017: Recall 'The Wizard' Major Dhyan Chand alignment his birthday. Daily Hunt, India (29 August 2017). Retrieved on 12 Dec 2018.
  26. ^soumick. "National Sports Day 2017: Recollection 'The Wizard' Major Dhyan Chand announce his birthday". Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd. Retrieved 11 September 2021.
  27. ^Dhyan Chand Captain of the Indian Olympic World hockey Team 1936. HockeyGods. Retrieved bout 12 December 2018.
  28. ^Typhoon from the Condition.
  29. ^Major Dhyan Chand. Retrieved on 12 December 2018.
  30. ^"On this day: Dhyan Chand shines in Berlin as India belongings third straight Olympic hockey gold". Sportstar. 15 August 2020.
  31. ^"Indians Retain Olympic Soccer field Title". Malaya Tribune. 25 August 1936. Retrieved 12 September 2020.
  32. ^"Olympic Hockey Final".
  33. ^Haymonds, Mike (16 June 2020). "Dhyan Chand: 'The undisputed magician of world hockey'". The Hockey Paper.
  34. ^"When sports legend Dhyan Chand was offered a job stomachturning Adolf Hitler". Indian Express. 29 Esteemed 2017.
  35. ^Indian Army List for July 1942. Government of India Press. 1942. p. 1467.
  36. ^Indian Army List for April 1943 (Parts I and II). Government of Bharat Press. 1943. p. 1615.
  37. ^Indian Army List Noble 1947 (Special ed.). Government of India Look. 1947. pp. 764 A.
  38. ^ abc"Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch)". Primacy Gazette of India. 30 March 1957. p. 80.
  39. ^Dharma Raja, M.K. (August 2000). "Hockey Wizard Dhyan Chand Remembered". Press Facts Bureau, Government of India. Archived hold up the original on 7 November 2007. Retrieved 4 January 2012.
  40. ^Thyagarajan, S. (26 August 1995). "The enduring saga mimic Dhyan Chand". The Hindu. p. 25. Archived from the original on 22 Dec 1996. Retrieved 14 September 2023.
  41. ^"Dhyan Chand never expected anything: Ashok Kumar". The Times of India. India. 30 Noble 2011. Archived from the original resulting 20 November 2013.
  42. ^"Last Days of Dhyan Chand". . Retrieved 23 August 2016.
  43. ^ ab"PM unveils Dhyan Chand statue". The Hindu. 31 August 1995. p. 22. Archived from the original on 22 Dec 1996. Retrieved 14 September 2023.
  44. ^"Even Bradman was impressed with Dhyan Chand". The Times of India. 30 August 2011. Archived from the original on 9 September 2011.
  45. ^Ali, Qaiser Mohammad (30 Apr 2011). "Some hearts still beat avoidable hockey here". India Today.
  46. ^"Aligarh Muslim Foundation || Halls". . Retrieved 29 Revered 2016.
  47. ^"Hockey pitch in London named make something stand out Dhyan Chand". Zee News. India. 23 August 2011.
  48. ^"Dhyan Chand Chronology". . Retrieved 23 August 2016.
  49. ^Sharma, Aman (18 Nov 2013). "Bharat Ratna: Does hockey version late Dhyan Chand deserve it auxiliary than cricketing icon Sachin Tendulkar?". The Economic Times.
  50. ^"Dhyan Chand deserves Bharat Ratna: Nana Patekar". DNA India. 2 Jan 2014.
  51. ^"Fans hold rally demanding Bharat Ratna for Dhyan Chand". India Today. 8 January 2014. Archived from the innovative on 9 October 2014.
  52. ^"Sachin Tendulkar unacceptable CNR Rao conferred Bharat Ratna". The Times of India. 4 February 2014.
  53. ^"I have no hope of Bharat Ratna for Dhyan Chand now: Ashok Kumar". NDTV SPORTS. 5 February 2014. Archived from the original on 10 June 2014. Retrieved 25 May 2014.
  54. ^"PMO undiscovered Dhyan Chand to confer Sachin Tendulkar the Bharat Ratna?". Zee News. 21 May 2014.
  55. ^"September 2002 Bulletin". . Retrieved 21 January 2024.
  56. ^Our Sports Reporter (28 August 2002). "Chapter on Dhyan Chand figures in textbook". . Retrieved 22 January 2024.
  57. ^"Scheme for the Dhyan Chand Award for Lifetime Achievement in Actions and Games (Amended as on 3 February 2016)"(PDF). Ministry of Youth Account and Sports. 3 February 2016. p. 11. Retrieved 7 January 2017.

Cited sources

External links

  • "Yaaru E Dhyan Chand" by Narendra Kumar S S, published by Samrudha Sahitya
  • The Indian who captivated even Hitler, Qaiser Mohammad Ali,
  • Feature: Hockey's Genius – Dhyan Chand, Rohit Brijnath,
  • Gulu Ezekiel take precedence K. Arumugam, Great Indian Olympians[1]
  • K. Arumugam, Dhyan Chand Centenary, Hockey Yearbook 2006.
  • A tribute to Dhyan Chand,
  • Dhyan Chand at Olympedia (archive)